Using a Kaluza-type of model, describing the laws of electromagnetism within the formalism of differential geometry, provides a coherent, comprehensive and quantitative description of phenomena related to particles,
including a convergent series of quantized particle energies, with limits given by the energy values of the electron and the Higgs vacuum expectation value, and the values for electroweak coupling constants.
The geometry of the solutions for spin 1/2 defines 6 lepton-like and 6 quark-like objects and allows to calculate their fractional electric charges as well as magnetic moments of baryons.
A series expansion links electromagnetic terms, gravitational terms and a de Sitter background that can be related to a cosmological constant and an a0 parameter of MOND/BTFR in the correct order of magnitude.
The model can be expressed ab initio, necessary input parameters are the electromagnetic constants.
To be found on Zenodo or Researchgate:
Zenodo: Theodor Kaluza's Theory of Everything: revisited
Researchgate: Theodor Kaluza's Theory of Everything: revisited
The Movies on Youtube:
Kaluza without Klein
Kaluza from particles to galaxies
Full text - most current version, with minor updates, from 05.05.2026
Calculation of particle energy ASCII
Fermion zoo
Calculation of electroweak coefficients
Calculation of magnetic moments of nucleons
Ratio of structure function of nucleons
Data from: Abrams, D., et al., “Measurement of the Nucleon Fn2/Fp2 Structure Function Ratio by the Jefferson Lab MARATHON Tritium/Helium-3 Deep Inelastic Scattering Experiment”, arXiv:2104.05850v2 [hep-ex] (2021)
Calculation of Baryonic-Tully-Fisher-Relation (BTFR)
Data from: Famaey, B., McGaugh, S., “Modified Newtonian Dynamics (MOND): Observational Phenomenology and Relativistic Extensions”, arXiv:1112.3960v2 [astro-ph.CO] (2012)
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